Document Link: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1I30QVda4TatcUe...

Abstract

This paper explores the historical and contemporary urban form of Atlanta, emphasizing its evolution from a railroad terminus in 1837 to a sprawling metropolitan region. The study examines the policies and planning decisions that shaped Atlanta’s low-density, automobile-centric urban landscape, with particular attention to the 1952 "Up Ahead" regional plan. This plan, coupled with zoning regulations, reinforced suburban sprawl, discouraged mixed-use developments, and contributed to racial segregation through discriminatory housing practices. The paper also highlights how the development of interstate highways facilitated further expansion while undermining walkable, transit-friendly urban environments. As a result, Atlanta became a model for extreme urban sprawl, with its metro area expanding dramatically over the past several decades. The consequences of this development pattern, including persistent car dependency and barriers to equitable urban living, are discussed in relation to broader urban planning challenges.

Doc: https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_jUJ_OoSE0H9nObUS...

Summary

This academic paper examines the historical and ongoing impact of redlining and urban poverty in Tulsa, Oklahoma, with a focus on the 1921 Tulsa Race Massacre as a pivotal event in shaping racial and economic disparities. The paper explores how discriminatory practices, such as Jim Crow laws and the Home Owners’ Loan Corporation (HOLC) redlining system, restricted Black communities' access to wealth-building opportunities while reinforcing white economic dominance. By analyzing the historical development of Tulsa, the destruction of Black Wall Street, and the resulting racial wealth gap, this research highlights the long-term consequences of systemic racism on community income and property ownership. Contemporary data further demonstrates that Black households in Tulsa continue to suffer from significantly lower wealth levels compared to white households, largely due to the destruction of Black-owned businesses and homes in 1921 and the subsequent institutionalized disinvestment. This paper underscores how redlining and racially motivated policies have perpetuated economic inequality in Tulsa, making it one of the starkest examples of racial wealth disparity in the United States today.

Doc. link: https://drive.google.com/file/d/1Vc27cirNfq1effhF3...

Abstract

This academic paper presents a SWOT analysis of the Rosewood Neighborhood in Austin, TX, examining its strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats within the context of urban planning, historical segregation, and contemporary gentrification pressures. The study identifies Rosewood’s strengths in its inherent walkability, high density, mixed-use zoning, and cultural diversity—attributes shaped by historical segregationist policies that concentrated Black and Latino populations in the area. However, weaknesses such as historic disinvestment, lack of infrastructure improvements, and rising property taxes threaten the stability of long-term residents. The paper explores opportunities for economic revitalization through culturally significant businesses, expanded pedestrian and bike infrastructure, and investment in Black history preservation. Yet, these opportunities are accompanied by threats, including aggressive gentrification, displacement of minority communities, and industrial encroachment due to the absence of environmental protections seen in wealthier, predominantly white areas of Austin. Ultimately, this analysis underscores the need for policy interventions that protect existing residents while fostering equitable development.

Doc 1 (Overview): https://drive.google.com/file/d/1lWKwlqQpzG-1ZHmSj...

Doc 2 (Excel): https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1qx7OG4izkY...

1093 Rails to Trails Vision Plan (MAIN DRAFT) - Google Slides

Document Link: https://drive.google.com/file/d/1PgsRm2kBwx3arAlrU...

Abstract

This academic paper examines Seattle’s evolution into a global city, highlighting the key historical eras that contributed to its economic and technological prominence. From its early foundations in the timber and shipbuilding industries to its transformation during the Boeing-led aviation boom and later the Microsoft-driven tech expansion, Seattle has continually adapted to shifting global economic demands. Today, Seattle is recognized as a Knowledge Capital, a category of global cities that lead in innovation, research, and specialized industries. With major technology firms like Amazon, Microsoft, Google, and Oracle headquartered in the region, Seattle has established itself as a dominant force in information technology and web-based telecommunications. The city's strong economic performance, high median income, and ability to attract top talent further reinforce its status as a global city. By analyzing Seattle’s historical trajectory and its modern role as a hub of technological innovation, this paper underscores its significance in the global economy.

Conroe's Owen Park Concept Master Plan - Google Slides

Doc link: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1P2YoCtF4gZjKxZ...

Abstract

This academic paper examines the ongoing environmental and structural challenges facing Venice, Italy, as the city continues to sink while experiencing increasingly severe flooding due to climate change. Despite the efforts of the Ministry of Sustainable Infrastructure & Mobility, including the multibillion-dollar MOSE floodgate system, the long-term viability of Venice as a permanent residential city remains in question. The paper critiques the MOSE project as a temporary and potentially flawed solution, drawing parallels to the failed levee system in New Orleans. It argues that continuous infrastructure maintenance and flood mitigation efforts may be delaying an inevitable crisis rather than solving it. As an alternative, this research proposes a strategic shift in policy toward long-term community planning, including property buyouts, hazard mitigation grants, and a transition from permanent residential use to a more transient, tourism-centered model. These recommendations aim to minimize human risk while acknowledging the limitations of engineering solutions against rising sea levels.

https://drive.google.com/file/d/1IXGcaWouPXTWT0JFC...

Link: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1rovrx8SuF6odVN...

Abstract

This academic paper explores the challenges of providing affordable housing and examines potential solutions to foster more equitable and inclusionary housing markets. Drawing from Through the Roof (Ellen et al., 2021), Confronting the Real Barriers to Housing Affordability (Teresa et al.), and additional sources, the paper identifies key barriers, including rising housing costs outpacing incomes, restrictive zoning and land-use policies, and supply-side constraints such as land scarcity and labor shortages. Government responses, while historically influential through HUD and FHA programs, remain limited at the local level due to financial constraints and regulatory inflexibility. The study further discusses how housing markets can be reformed to promote equity by addressing the legacy of discriminatory policies such as redlining, strengthening coalitions between developers and policymakers, and implementing policy changes that support denser and more rapid housing development. Ultimately, the paper argues that a collaborative effort—spanning government accountability, community organizing, and policy reform—is necessary to create a more just and sustainable housing market.

Document link: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1-5zFmFX50BjcGq...

Abstract

This academic paper explores the Cheonggyecheon Stream Restoration Project in Seoul, South Korea, as a case study in collaborative governance and sustainable urban renewal. The project, which involved the removal of an elevated highway and the restoration of a historically significant stream, demonstrates how cities can balance modernization with environmental and cultural preservation. Using Ansell and Gash’s (2008) framework for collaborative governance, this study examines the project’s initiation, stakeholder engagement, decision-making processes, and policy outcomes. The analysis highlights the role of government leadership, public-private partnerships, and community involvement in overcoming political and logistical challenges. The paper also evaluates the project's ecological, social, and economic impacts, including improvements in air quality, biodiversity, urban heat mitigation, and social cohesion. While the initiative serves as a model for sustainable urban regeneration, concerns about gentrification and equitable development remain critical discussion points. This research provides valuable insights for policymakers and urban planners seeking to implement inclusive and environmentally responsible redevelopment projects.

Graphical Academic Journal: https://drive.google.com/file/d/19Qmd30Nx0LUGbzU2p...

Document Link: https://drive.google.com/file/d/1yNQ_99y3BnluZbZkR...

Abstract

This academic paper examines the significance of the U.S. Supreme Court's 2005 Kelo v. New London decision in shaping eminent domain policies for economic development and applies its principles to a case study on the Chamblee Rail to Trail project in Chamblee, Georgia. The paper explores how the city of Chamblee exercised eminent domain to acquire property from a condominium association for the development of a rail-to-trail corridor, emphasizing the project’s public purpose, economic benefits, and community connectivity. While eminent domain is often controversial due to concerns over private property rights, this case highlights its legitimate use when public benefits—such as increased accessibility, economic revitalization, and improved transportation infrastructure—are at stake. The paper discusses concurring and dissenting opinions from Kelo v. New London, analyzing the broader implications of using eminent domain for economic development while weighing community engagement, due process, and just compensation considerations. The study ultimately argues in favor of Chamblee’s application of eminent domain, advocating for stronger procedural safeguards in future cases to ensure affected stakeholders are involved earlier in the planning process.

Document: https://drive.google.com/file/d/1p_Qvfq0aa_yeo2ohF...

Abstract

This academic paper critically examines Yakima, Washington’s industrial policy, highlighting its deficiencies in addressing air pollution and sustainable industrial growth. While the Yakima Comprehensive Plan 2040 outlines broad industrial goals, its lack of specificity and enforceable policies reveals a pro-industry bias that prioritizes economic development over environmental and public health concerns. The city's current industrial policies merely "encourage" mitigation strategies, such as landscape buffers and infill development, rather than mandating them. Additionally, the plan fails to address Yakima’s severe air pollution crisis, ranking 21st in the nation for pollution and experiencing dangerous PM2.5 concentrations from industrial, agricultural, and wildfire sources. This paper critiques Yakima’s vague industrial planning framework and argues for policy revisions that require—rather than suggest—environmental safeguards, industry accountability, and collaboration with the Yakima Regional Clean Air Agency. The recommendations provided advocate for a more comprehensive approach to industrial regulation, balancing economic growth with the health and sustainability of Yakima’s residents and environment.

2021

This research project focused on identifying conservation and recreation needs in Indigenous communities throughout Texas, New Mexico, Colorado and Oklahoma; at the time Indigenous communities were severely underrepresented in the NPS community assistance database. Interns utilized demographic analysis, interviews and ethnographic methods to identify opportunity communities and potential projects. The project resulted the hiring of an Indigenous Communities Project Manager and several new projects with Indigenous communities in Oklahoma, Texas, and New Mexico.

My role was writing proposals to fund the internships and supervising and advising two interns to conduct geospatial research and interviews.

Indigenous Outreach Strategy (PDF)

https://drive.google.com/file/d/1gwf2ncZJCue9dZOfZ...